2024, Vol. 6, Issue 1, Part C

Identification strategies encompassing clinical criteria, radiographic findings, and microbiological cultures were evaluated across selected studies. Meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy measures, including sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios, was conducted to assess the performance of various diagnostic modalities in detecting VAP.

Management interventions, including antimicrobial therapy, ventilation strategies, and adjunctive measures, were systematically reviewed. Subgroup analyses were performed to investigate the impact of different management approaches on clinical outcomes such as mortality, length of hospital stay, and recurrence rates.

Preventive measures, including bundle strategies and infection control practices, were appraised for their effectiveness in reducing VAP incidence. Meta-regression analyses were conducted to explore potential sources of heterogeneity and identify factors influencing the success of preventive interventions.